Commonly thyroid abnormalities are hyperthyroidism/ thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism & thyoiditis.
 Hypothyroidism is also known as hypo metabolic state due to deficiency of thyroid hormones [t3, t4] & increased TSH.
 
 Clinical features
 Weight loss in spite of increased appetite
 Nervousness, tremor
 Wide-eyed gaze, lid lag
 Warm, moist & flushed skin
 Tachycardia, palpitations, atrial arrhythmias, cardiomegaly, cardiac failure
 Skeletal muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, fatty liver disease
 
 

Hyperthyroidism/thyrotoxicosis is also known as hyper metabolic state due to increased levels of thyroid hormones [t3, t4] & low TSH level.
 
 

Clinical features
 Weight gain
 Nervousness, insomnia, apathy, slowing down of mental activities
 Wide-eyed gaze, peri-orbital puffiness, enlargement of tongue
 Dry, rough skin
 Tachycardia, palpitations, atrial arrhythmias, cardiomegaly, cardiac failure
 Skeletal muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, slowing of physical activities & fatigue, constipation, flatulence, fatty liver disease
 
 

Thyoiditis [focal or diffuse enlargement of gland] may be infectious, riedel’s fibro sing thyoiditis, hashimoto’s disease, sub acute granulomatous thyoiditis & lymphocytic thyoiditis.
 Anti-thyroid antibodies are antibodies as part of an autoimmune response in which body attacks parts of the thyroid.

 TSH-receptor antibodies stimulate it to make more thyroid hormone. This in turn can lead to hyperthyroidism.
 
 

Anti-thyroid peroxidises (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies cause the destruction of thyroid cells and may cause hypothyroidism. These antibodies are found in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
 
 

Ayurveda Concept & Management
 In Ayurveda texts the parallel disease conditions are Bhasmakaroga,Avatu granthi shotha & these can be reversed with the help Ayurveda based herbal medicines. 

Hypo/hyper -thyroidism developed due to autoimmune responses can also be reversed with the help of Ayurveda medicines.